A Guide for Teacher Candidates and Teachers Coming Out as a Teacher in Manitoba

Navigating your identity as an 2SLGBTQIA+ teacher can be both empowering and daunting. This guide aims to support you, as a teacher candidate or a teacher in Manitoba, as you consider whether or not to come out in the classroom, what to do if you are outed, and how to seek support in challenging situations.

The decision to disclose your identity is deeply personal, influenced by factors such as your comfort level, the cultural and social environment of your school and community you teach and live in, and the policies of your school or school division.

What To Consider When Coming Out

1.    Understanding Your “Why”

Reflect on why you are considering coming out in your classroom. For some, it’s about being authentic and creating representation for 2SLGBTQIA+ students. For others, it may be a way to affirm an inclusive environment where diversity is celebrated. Identifying your motivations can help you assess the potential rewards and challenges of this decision.

2.    Know Your Rights

Provincial and Division Policies: Familiarize yourself with the Manitoba Human Rights Code, which prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Most school divisions in Manitoba have policies to support equity and inclusion for 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals.

Union Protections: As a member of the Manitoba Teachers' Society (MTS), you are entitled to workplace protections. MTS has resources and staff who can advocate for you if discrimination or backlash arises. For more information visit their website at https://www.mbteach.org/mtscms/

3.    Gauge Your Environment

School Culture: Consider the openness of your school community. Do other staff members discuss their personal lives? Is there a history of 2SLGBTQIA+ inclusion or resistance? Has your school participated in Pride or invited 2S Elders in the past?

Community Attitudes: Manitoba communities can vary widely in their acceptance and inclusion of 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals. Understanding the broader context and cultures of the area you teach as it can help you anticipate reactions if you choose to come out.

4.    Timing

Coming out doesn’t have to happen on your first day. Build relationships with students, colleagues, and administrators first. Once trust is established, conversations about your identity may feel more natural and less risky. You get to choose who to come out to and how you’d like to come out.

5.    Keep It Professional

When discussing your identity in the classroom, frame it in a way that emphasizes diversity, inclusion, and respect. For example:

“Part of creating an inclusive classroom of belonging it’s important for me to share that I’m a part of the 2SLGBTQIA+ community. My intention is to create a safer space for everyone to be their authentic selves.”

“As a part of the 2SLGBTQIA+ community, it’s important to know that my classroom is an inclusive space for all people.”
 

What To Do If You're Outed

Being outed, whether intentionally or unintentionally, can be a vulnerable experience. Here’s how to navigate this possibility:

1.    Stay Calm

Take a moment to assess the situation. If the disclosure was in a private conversation, determine whether it’s worth addressing with the individual who shared your identity.

2.    Control the Narrative

If your identity is discussed among students, you might say:

“Yes, I am part of the 2SLGBTQIA+ community. Just like some people have different cultural backgrounds or family structures, everyone’s identity is unique. Let’s keep our classroom focused on respect for all differences.”

If outed to staff and if you feel comfortable enough, consider addressing it directly with your colleagues or administrator, ensuring you set boundaries about how your identity is discussed.

It can be difficult knowing that your identity may be discussed without your consent for example in the staff room, or outside of the school community. Feelings of anxiousness and worry are understandable. During this time, focus on your own self-care and access resources to help ground you as you navigate the terrain of the transition of people knowing your sexual orientation or gender identity.

Consider clicking the section entitled Taking Care of Yourself if You’re an Outed Teacher of this website for ideas on how to navigate and manage your experiences.

3.    Document and Report Discrimination

If being outed leads to harassment or discrimination:

●    Document every incident, including dates, times, and details of what was said or done.
●    Report it to your school administrator or MTS representative.

4.    Seek Peer Support

Reach out to other 2SLGBTQIA+ educators, either in your division or through professional networks. Manitoba has a strong community of supportive teachers who can share advice and experiences.

Who Should I Reach Out to If I Feel Unsupported?

1.    Within Your School

●    Trusted Colleagues: Seek out colleagues who have demonstrated allyship or are themselves 2SLGBTQIA+
●    Equity or Inclusion Committees: Many schools have committees focused on diversity and equity. These groups can be powerful allies.

2.    Your School Administrator

If you feel safe and comfortable enough, approach your principal or vice-principal. They are responsible for maintaining a respectful workplace and protecting staff from discrimination. If you’re hesitant, consider framing the conversation around the benefits of representation for students.

3.    Manitoba Teachers’ Society (MTS)

MTS is an invaluable resource if you encounter discrimination or feel unsupported. They offer:

  • Confidential advice and advocacy.
  • Legal support if your rights are violated.
  • Professional development opportunities focused on equity and inclusion.

4.    Local 2SLGBTQIA+ Organizations

  • Rainbow Resource Centre (Winnipeg): Offers workshops, peer support, and resources for 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals, including educators.
  • Pride Winnipeg: While primarily an advocacy and events organization, Pride Winnipeg can connect you with community networks.

5.    Provincial Government Resources

The Manitoba Human Rights Commission investigates cases of workplace discrimination. If internal processes fail to protect you, filing a complaint is an option.

Who Can Support Me?

1.    Professional Networks

  • MTS’s Qmunity: A group specifically for 2SLGBTQIA+ educators within the Manitoba Teachers' Society.
  • National and International Groups: Organizations like GLSEN and Egale Canada provide educational resources and peer networks.

2.    Online Communities

Social media platforms like Facebook and Reddit host groups for 2SLGBTQIA+ teachers. While online spaces should be navigated cautiously, they can offer solidarity and advice.

3.    Counselors and Therapists

If the emotional toll of coming out or being outed feels overwhelming, consider connecting with a counselor familiar with 2SLGBTQIA+ issues. Some recommended options in Manitoba include:

Rainbow Resource Centre's counseling services
Private therapists specializing in 2SLGBTQIA+ care

4.    Mentors

Seek mentorship from experienced 2SLGBTQIA+ educators. They can provide insights into navigating the profession authentically while maintaining professional boundaries. Reach out to MTS to connect you with mentors and allies.

Seven Oaks School Division houses, QUESO: Queering Seven Oaks who are a collective of 2SLGBTQIA+ teachers offering guidance and support.

5.    Union Representatives

MTS representatives in your school division can offer specific guidance on navigating policies and addressing discrimination.

 

Affirmation of Your Role

As an 2SLGBTQIA+ teacher, your presence in the classroom is a profound act of representation. Research consistently shows that 2SLGBTQIA+ students feel more supported and experience less bullying when they have openly 2SLGBTQIA+ teachers or allies. Your decision to come out—or not—should prioritize your well-being and safety while acknowledging the potential impact of your visibility.

Remember, you are not alone. There is a vibrant network of educators, allies, and organizations ready to support you at every step of your journey. The challenges you may face are valid, but so is your right to thrive authentically as an educator in Manitoba.
 

Tools and Strategies for Emotional Well-Being Taking Care of Yourself as an Outed 2SLGBTQIA+ Teacher

Being outed, ie. having your identity disclosed without your consent, as a 2SLGBTQIA+ teacher is an experience that can feel overwhelming, and it’s important to acknowledge the emotional weight you may be carrying. Having the decision to share your identity taken from you is deeply unfair, and it’s understandable to feel a mix of anger, betrayal, fear, or even shame. You might be grappling with the vulnerability of being exposed in an environment that may not fully affirm or understand you, and that’s exhausting.

If you’re facing scrutiny, questions, or even hostility, remember that your identity is not the problem—prejudice is. It’s okay to prioritize your safety and well-being above all else right now, whether that means seeking out trusted allies, setting boundaries, or accessing professional support. You are not alone, even if it feels isolating. There are people and resources out there who can stand with you and advocate for you. Your authenticity is a strength, and your identity is a valuable part of who you are as a person and an educator. You deserve compassion, respect, and the time to process and navigate your journey on your terms.
Having the tools to take care of your wellbeing is imperative, especially if you’ve been outed. The following shares some strategies that can be helpful for emotional care and resilience-building:

Managing Emotional Responses

If you’re outed without your explicit consent, you may an array of feelings including:

●    Betrayed: A loss of trust in the individual or system that exposed you.
●    Exposed: A sense of vulnerability or loss of control over personal boundaries.
●    Fearful: Worry about discrimination, stigma, or professional consequences.
●    Angry: Frustration at the violation of your privacy.


Let’s start by recognizing and validating these emotions as the first step to processing and addressing them. You may feel the ebbs and flows of these feelings throughout time and situation and may come up both in your professional and personal environments. 
Immediate Steps to Ground Yourself
When you’re feeling anxious or overwhelmed, grounding techniques can help bring you back to the present moment.

1. Pause and Breathe: Use breathing exercises to regulate your nervous system.

●    Box Breathing: Inhale for 4 seconds, hold for 4 seconds, exhale for 4 seconds, and hold again for 4 seconds. Repeat as needed.
●    5-7-8 Breathing: Inhale for 5 seconds, hold for 7 seconds, and exhale for 8 seconds.
Breathing techniques help reduce adrenaline, cortisol and other stress hormones. 

2. Engage Your Senses: Focus on your surroundings to reduce anxiety.

●    5-4-3-2-1 Technique: Identify 5 things you see, 4 you can touch, 3 you hear, 2 you smell, and 1 you taste.
●    Be tactile: Engage with items and notice their texture, the weight, colours or anything else that you notice about the item.
By engaging in your sense, it can serve as a much needed distraction from ruminating thoughts while at the same time help regulate your nervous system.

3. Affirm Yourself: Repeat affirmations to counteract negative self-talk. Examples include:

●    “I am proud of who I am. I am worthy and capable.”
●    “I have the right to exist as I am.”
●    “I am more than this moment.”
●    “I am gifted with an identity that gives me the ability to expansively see past binaries and limits.”

Writing them down while saying them to yourself can amply self-compassion and emotional resilience.

4. Slow Down with Intentionality and Mindfulness

Engaging in your senses (touch, sight, taste, smell, sound) can help regulate your nervous system and can be a source of self-agency and control. Examples of how we can be intentional with our sense include:

●    Savoring a warm beverage or a meal
●    Feeling the embrace of a sweater
●    Connecting with the ground as you walk
●    Focusing on an image that allows you to go into fantasy or daydreaming

Research indicates that just by taking a few moments to engage in mindfulness throughout the day can be helpful to your nervous system and mental health.

Seeking Support

1. Connect with Trusted Allies

Share your concerns with supportive colleagues, friends, or family members who affirm your identity. Knowing you have people in your corner can be a powerful buffer against stress.

2. Connect with Your 2SLGBTQIA+ Communities

Connecting with other 2SLGBTQIA+ teachers or professionals can provide perspective, solidarity, and encouragement. Consider these options:

●    Online forums and social media groups: Search for teacher-specific 2SLGBTQIA+ communities.
●    Local organizations: Contact Rainbow Resource Centre to connect you with the different community and peer groups available.
●    Professional organizations: Join networks that advocate for 2SLGBTQIA+ inclusion. Engaging in equity-seeking organizations can be healing and a source of solidarity.
                          
3. Therapy and Counseling

Working with an affirming counselor or  therapist who is experienced in 2SLGBTQIA+ issues and intersectionality can help you process your emotions, develop coping strategies, and build resilience. Look for sliding-scale or subsidized options if cost is a concern.
 
4. Connect with your Union

If you have been outed by a colleague or in the workplace, you may have questions or concerns related to your employment. MTS Staff Officers offer a listening ear and can answer questions you may have about protections afforded by legislation and your Collective Agreement. The Code of Professional Practice applies to student members

As a teacher candidate you can apply annually for Student Membership status. You will find the application here: https://www.mbteach.org/pdfs/form/student-membership-form_24-25.pdf


 

Building Resilience

1. Practice Self-Compassion
Treat yourself with the same kindness you would offer a friend in a similar situation. Remind yourself that it’s okay to feel vulnerable and that your emotions are valid.

2. Set Healthy Boundaries
If colleagues, parents, or students raise questions that feel intrusive, you have the right to:

●    Redirect the conversation.
●    Politely but firmly state that your personal life is not up for discussion.
●    Seek guidance from your union or HR department on handling inappropriate inquiries.

3. Focus on Your Strengths

Reflect on your skills and accomplishments as an educator. Remind yourself why you pursued teaching and the impact you’ve had on students’ lives. This can help anchor your sense of purpose during turbulent times. Your strengths also include different parts of who you are; informing your thoughts and decision making. Here are some questions to identify these parts:

●    What are the different aspects within me (history, culture, values, personality)?
●    How have these parts served me well?
●    How can I leverage these parts to help ground me and remind me of the breadth and depth of who I am? 
 

Managing External Pressures

1. Know Your Rights

In Manitoba, there are protections in place against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Familiarize yourself with these rights and seek guidance from your union or legal counsel if necessary.

2. Document Interactions

Keep a record of any discriminatory incidents or conversations. This documentation can be helpful if you need to report concerns or advocate for yourself.

3. Advocate for Inclusive Policies

If your school lacks clear policies protecting 2SLGBTQIA+ staff, consider advocating for change. Work with supportive colleagues or organizations to push for anti-discrimination training and inclusive practices.

Long-Term Self-Care Strategies

1. Develop a Routine

Establish a consistent daily routine that includes time for activities or hobbies you enjoy or ways for you to enter into relaxation, such as reading, moving your body, exercising, or pursuing other  joys. A sense of normalcy can help reduce stress.

2. Explore Creative Outlets

Expressing yourself through art, writing, dance, or music can be therapeutic and empowering.

3. Prioritize Physical Health

Taking care of your body can improve your emotional resilience. Aim for:

●    Balanced nutrition and hydration
●    Regular physical activity
●    Adequate sleep or napping

4. Limit Exposure to Stressors
While it’s important to stay informed, avoid overloading yourself with negative media or conversations that amplify your anxiety. 
 

Reconnecting with Purpose

As a teacher, your identity as a 2SLGBTQIA+ individual can be a powerful source of inspiration and support for students who may be navigating their own identities. Remember that your visibility can:

●    Offer representation to students who may feel isolated
●    Demonstrate resilience and authenticity
●    Challenge stereotypes and promote understanding

When you’re ready, and if you feel you can be in a position to do so, consider how you can leverage your experience to advocate for a more inclusive education system.

Additional Resources

Mental Health Support

●    Rainbow Resource Centre (Winnipeg): Offers counseling, peer support, and workshops for 2SLGBTQ+ individuals.
●    Manitoba Teachers’ Society: Provides resources and support for teachers facing workplace challenges.
●    Klinic Crisis Line (24/7): (204) 786-8686. Toll free: 1-888-322-3019
●    Trans Lifeline - translifeline.org: 877-330-6366
Professional Networks
●    Canadian Teachers’ Federation: Includes resources on equity and inclusion.
●    GLSEN: A U.S.-based network with resources for educators working toward LGBTQ+ inclusion.

Online Tools

●    Calm App: Guided meditations and breathing exercises
●    Insight Timer: Free mindfulness and relaxation resources
●    Smiling Mind: Free guided meditations
 

Final Thoughts for Consideration

Being outed as a 2SLGBTQIA+ teacher can feel isolating and overwhelming, but it doesn’t have to define your experience or career. By prioritizing self-care, seeking support, and embracing your resilience, you can navigate this challenge while honoring your identity and maintaining your dedication to teaching. Remember, you are not alone, and there are communities and resources available.

Minority Stress

Did you know that 2SLGBTQ+ individuals experience a unique type of stress known as Minority Stress? Here’s an explanation of what Minority Stress is, its impacts, and ways of coping and building resilience—both individually and collectively.

Minority Stress and Its Impact on Mental Health in 2SLGBTQIA+ Communities

Minority stress is a psychological framework that describes how stress arises in the lives of marginalized individuals, not because of who we are, but because of the social structures and societal attitudes that stigmatize us. For 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals, minority stress involves the compounded effects of discrimination, internalized stigma, and anticipated rejection, leading to higher levels of psychological distress compared to those outside of these communities (Meyer, 2003; Hatzenbuehler, 2009). 

Understanding minority stress as a factor in our mental health is essential for validating our unique experiences of being a 2SLGBTQIA+ person and addressing the root causes of the mental health challenges within our community. Acknowledging and addressing these pressures can empower us as individuals, foster resilience, and enhance collective support. Here, we’ll explore the impact of minority stress, discuss some coping mechanisms, and highlight some strategies to cultivate resilience.

Minority Stress Model: Framework and Implications

The minority stress model, introduced by psychologist Ilan Meyer in the 1990s and continues to be in use today (see Hendricks & Testa, 2012; Hunter et al., 2021), identifies how social stigma, discrimination, and prejudice create a hostile environment that can lead to chronic stress for marginalized communities (Meyer, 2003). For 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals, this model illuminates how external pressures intersect with personal identities, shaping experiences in ways that directly affect mental health.

As educators, integrating an understanding of minority stress factors into our pedagogical design and praxis is not only a cornerstone of trauma-informed practice but also a critical step toward creating inclusive and equitable learning environments. By acknowledging the unique challenges faced by students from marginalized communities—whether related to race, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, or socioeconomic status—we enhance our ability to foster trust, safety, and connection in the classroom. This approach not only supports students in being more present and engaged but also strengthens their capacity to synthesize and retain information. When students feel seen, valued, and supported, they are more likely to thrive academically and emotionally, reinforcing the effectiveness of our teaching and the overall success of the educational experience.

Key Components of Minority Stress

1. External Stressors

Discrimination: Incidents of prejudice, harassment, and mistreatment contribute to stress and often lead to mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress (Herek, 2009).

Rejection and Social Exclusion: The fear or experience of rejection, whether from family, friends, or society at large, adds to the burden of stress. Repeated rejection can harm self-esteem and make social interactions feel unsafe or burdensome (Mereish & Poteat, 2015).

Violence and Threats of Harm: Some 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals experience overt acts of physical or verbal violence, adding immediate and severe threats to their safety and mental well-being (Russell & Fish, 2016).

2. Internalized Stigma

The pervasive negative messages that 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals receive about their identities can become internalized, causing them to absorb society's bias as self-criticism or shame. This self-directed stigma can reduce self-worth, make self-acceptance challenging, and amplify feelings of isolation (Szymanski, Kashubeck-West, & Meyer, 2008).

3. Expectations of Rejection

Past experiences with discrimination can lead to a heightened sense of vigilance or hyper-awareness in social situations, making it difficult to fully engage and feel safe. This expectation of rejection, even when it doesn’t occur, becomes a source of chronic stress that erodes mental well-being (Hatzenbuehler, 2009).

4. Concealment

Many 2SLGBTQIA+ people feel the need to hide their sexual orientation or gender identity to protect themselves from discrimination or social disapproval. However, concealing a core part of one’s identity is itself a significant source of stress, leading to lower self-esteem and reduced psychological well-being (Pachankis, 2007).
 

Mental Health Implications of Minority Stress

The cumulative effect of minority stress can contribute to a range of mental health challenges, including but not limited to:

●    Depression and Anxiety: The ongoing stress from societal stigma and internalized shame can contribute to pervasive feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worry, and panic. Many 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals may develop clinical depression or anxiety disorders (Mereish & Poteat, 2015).

●    Suicidal Ideation and Self-Harm: Research consistently shows higher rates of suicidal ideation and attempts among 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals compared to the general population. These tendencies are often linked to feelings of hopelessness, isolation, and lack of acceptance (Russell & Fish, 2016).  

●    Substance Use Disorders: For some, substance use becomes a coping mechanism for dealing with the pain of discrimination and rejection. However, substance use often exacerbates mental health struggles, creating cycles that are difficult to break (Kerridge et al., 2017).
 

Coping with Minority Stress: Strategies and Resilience-Building

While the effects of minority stress are significant, various strategies can help individuals mitigate its impact and build resilience.

Personal Coping Strategies

1. Cognitive Behavioral Techniques (CBT)

Challenge negative thoughts: Many 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals internalize negative societal attitudes. Challenging our thoughts and internal beliefs can help us recognize that discrimination and prejudicial experiences are the root causes of our internalized negative cycles. Challenging them, and then reframing these thought patterns with positive affirmations and understandings can help reduce self-criticalness and shame (Pachankis, 2009).

Mindfulness and Grounding Exercises: Techniques like deep breathing, mindfulness meditation, and grounding exercises can help manage the immediate physical and emotional impacts of stress, making it easier to respond thoughtfully rather than react impulsively (Keng, Smoski, & Robins, 2011).

2. Self-Compassion and Self-Care

Practicing self-compassion involves treating oneself with kindness, particularly during difficult times. When we as 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals feel compassion for ourselves, we can better navigate feelings of guilt, shame, or inadequacy brought on by minority stress (Neff & Germer, 2013).

Self-care, including getting adequate sleep, regularly moving our body, and nutrition, also plays a vital role in maintaining mental health and wellness. Engaging in activities that bring joy, levity, and connection whether it’s a hobby, spending time with loved ones, or simply resting, can help restore a sense of well-being (Craig & Austin, 2016).

3. Identity Affirmation

Finding ways to affirm one’s identity, such as engaging with 2SLGBTQIA+ media, literature, and art, can combat the negative messages absorbed from our cultures and society. Many can benefit from creating affirming rituals, journaling about positive aspects and strengths of being a 2SLGBTQIA+ person, or participating in events that acknowledge and celebrate 2SLGBTQIA+ history and achievements (Riggle & Rostosky, 2012).

At the University of Manitoba, attending events that celebrate queer culture or spending time with other queer and trans peers like UMQueer (https://umanitoba.ca/um-queer) can help foster a sense of pride and affirm our identity.  

4. Creative Expression

Engaging in art, music, dance, and writing can be powerful outlets for processing emotions and affirming identity. Creative expression offers a way to navigate the complexities of minority stress and transform pain into strength, resilience, and pride (Flores, 2018).

Appreciation for others' creative expression can also serve as a vehicle for affirming identity.  Local drag shows hosted at Club 200 or Club Happenings, or attending fundraising events hosted by Sunshine House or the Snowy Owl Monarchist Society are fun ways to engage the creative spirit. 
 

Interpersonal and Community Support

1.    Building Support Networks

Social support from friends, family, and community members is one of the most powerful ways to counteract the effects of minority stress. Connections with people who affirm one’s identity can buffer the impact of external stressors, provide a sense of belonging, and remind individuals that they are not alone (McConnell, Birkett, & Mustanski, 2016).

Consider reaching out to UMQueer or Rainbow Pride Mosaic as a source to build networks of support.

2.    Peer Support Groups

Joining 2SLGBTQIA+ support groups offers individuals a space to share experiences, exchange coping strategies, and build relationships with others facing similar challenges. Knowing that others understand and validate their experiences can significantly reduce feelings of isolation and increase resilience (Ryan et al., 2010).

Consider reaching out to Rainbow Pride Mosaic, Rainbow Resource Centre and Sunshine House to learn about the support groups that are available.

3.    Therapeutic Support

Counseling and therapeutic support with a 2SLGBTQIA+ affirming service provider can provide a safe, nonjudgmental space to explore and process experiences of minority stress. Therapeutic support can be especially beneficial for working through internalized stigma and developing effective coping strategies tailored to the individual’s unique experiences and needs (Pachankis et al., 2015).

At the University of Manitoba, consider reaching out to the student counseling centre, Rainbow Resource Centre counselors or if you prefer a BIPOC service provider, consider the BIPOC Mental Health List offered by Nine Circles Community Health Centre: https://ninecircles.ca/news-events/welcome-the-bipoc-mental-health-worker-list-to-nine-circles-community-health-centre/

4.    Engaging in Activism

For some, engaging in activism can be a powerful coping strategy. Working to challenge oppressive systems, advocate for rights, and create a better environment for future generations can provide a sense of purpose, foster resilience, and cultivate solidarity (Meyer, 2015).

In Manitoba organizations that engage in activism include:

Two Spirited People of Manitoba (https://twospiritmanitoba.ca/)
Trans Manitoba (found on Facebook)

National organizations include:
Rainbow Railroad (https://www.rainbowrailroad.org/)
Egale Canada (https://egale.ca/)

References

Craig, S. L., & Austin, A. (2016). The Role of Affirmative Practices in Mental Health Outcomes. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86(4), 360–371.

Flores, M. J. (2018). The Role of Creative Expression in Mental Health for LGBTQ Individuals. Psychology and Sexuality, 9(2), 134–147.

Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2009). How Does Sexual Minority Stigma “Get Under the Skin”? A Psychological Mediation Framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 707–730.

Hendricks M.L., & Testa R.J. (2012). A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: An adaptation of the minority stress model. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(5), 460–467. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029597

Herek, G. M. (2009). Hate Crimes and Stigma-Related Experiences Among Sexual Minority Adults. American Journal of Public Health, 99(5), 945–952.

Hunter, J., Butler, C., & Cooper, K. (2021). Gender minority stress in trans and gender diverse adolescents and young people. Clinical child psychology and psychiatry, 26(4), 1182–1195. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591045211033187

Two-Spirit/Indigiqueer Wellness

The wellness of Two-Spirit (2S), Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ people is deeply rooted in cultural, community, and systemic factors. At the University of Manitoba’s Faculty of Education, we honour the rich traditions of Indigenous cultures and advocate for affirming practices that centre the unique experiences of 2S, Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ individuals. This webpage serves as a resource for educators, students, and community members to foster understanding, resilience, and inclusion.

If you are a Two-Spirit (2S), Indiqueer or Indigenous LGBTQIA+ person at the Faculty of Education, prioritizing your wellness involves navigating unique intersections of identity while creating and finding spaces that are affirming, celebratory, and supportive. Scroll down to the section that shares strategies and resources that can help centre your wellness.

What Does Two-Spirit Mean?

The term Two-Spirit was introduced in 1990 at the Indigenous Lesbian and Gay International Gathering in Winnipeg. Two-Spirit reflects a distinctly Indigenous understanding of gender and sexuality, rooted in pre-colonial traditions that recognized and celebrated gender diversity, non-heteronormative and non-cisnormative identities. Though the specific roles and names vary across Indigenous nations, 2S identities are spiritual and social roles that often involve caregiving, storytelling, leadership, and connection to the land.

Click here to watch Elder Dr. Laramee discuss the term Two-Spirit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eu4xNUq2hGE

Two-Spirit identities are distinct from LGBTQIA+ identities in that they are deeply intertwined with Indigenous traditions, ceremonies, and ways of being. Understanding 2S identity requires us all to address colonial harm and support the reclamation of traditional knowledge.

For more information on the history of Two-Spirit:

https://humanrights.ca/story/what-two-spirit-part-one-origins

Challenges Faced by Two-Spirit, Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ People

The term "Indigiqueer" was created by TJ Cuthand, a Plains Cree individual, in 2004 to title the Vancouver Queer Film Festival's Indigenous/two-spirit program. Cuthand coined the term as an alternative to "Two-Spirit" because some LGBTQIA+ Indigenous people are not comfortable describing themselves as Two-Spirit without receiving teachings or being part of a Two-Spirit community.

Colonization disrupted Indigenous traditions, often erasing and even punishing the acceptance and celebration of 2S identities. Today, many 2S, Indigiqueer and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ individuals still face compounded challenges, including:

  • Systemic Racism and Homophobia/Transphobia: Expressed in racist policies, hetero and/or cisnormative social structures and transphobia create barriers to education, healthcare, and housing.

  • Disconnection from Culture: The legacies of residential schools, the Sixties Scoop, the Millennial Scoop and ongoing colonial practices have disrupted the transmission of traditional knowledge.
  • Mental Health Struggles: Marginalization has led to disproportionately high rates of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression and suicide.
  • Violence: Individuals face heightened risks of violence intersected with racism and other social and cultural prejudices and stigmas, especially for 2S, Indigiqueer and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ individuals who are also transgender or nonbinary.

Despite these barriers, 2S, Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ people exhibit profound resilience and strength. Supporting their wellness requires us to prioritize cultural revitalization, systemic change, and community empowerment.

Building Affirming Spaces for 2S, Indigiqueer and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ Wellness

To support 2S Indigiqueer and Indigenous LGBTQIA+  wellness, educators and allies must intentionally and mindfully engage in culturally affirming practices that challenge colonialism, honour traditional roles, and celebrate identity.

 

  1. Learn and Unlearn
  • Expand your knowledge through education: Learn about the history and traditions of 2S, Indigiqueer and LGBTQIA+ Indigenous identities within specific nations. 
  • Avoid assuming that all Indigenous peoples share the same practices or beliefs.
  • Challenge biases and prejudices: Reflect on internalized colonial, racist, classist, homophobic, or transphobic attitudes and commit to unlearning them.
  1. Foster Cultural Reconnection
  • Partner with Two-Spirit, Indigiqueer and LGBTQIA+ Elders and Knowledge Keepers to support cultural programming. 
  • Ensure any knowledge shared and work performed by Two-Spirit, Indigiqueer and LGBTQIA+ Elders and Knowledge Keepers are generously compensated to offset the colonial legacy of exploitation and extraction which they still endure. 
  • Create spaces for 2S, Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ individuals to explore and reclaim their traditions.
  1. Advocate for Systemic Change
  • Challenge discriminatory policies in education, healthcare, and housing.
  • Advocate for Two-Spirit, Indigiqueer and LGBTQIA+ Indigenous representation in leadership roles and decision-making bodies.
  • Ensure Two-Spirit, Indigiqueer and LGBTQIA+ Indigenous leaders are supported within the Faculty of Education and recognized/compensated for the often invisible labour of decolonizing and indigenizing the Faculty of Education.
  1. Provide Trauma-Informed Care
  • Recognize intergenerational trauma and its personal and systemic impacts caused by colonization, especially paying attention to the intersectional nature of the colonial traumas and colonial impacts on 2S, Indiqueer and LGBTQIA+ Indigenous people.
  • Create spaces that are supported by policies that prioritize safety, consent, belonging, and empowerment.
  1. Acknowledge and Celebrate Resilience
  • Highlight the contributions of 2S, Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ people in education, art, and activism.
  • Share stories of resilience and strength to counter narratives of marginalization.
  • Invite 2S, Indigiqueer and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ individuals  and communities to events and programming to share cultural knowledge and ceremony.

Call to Action: Centering Two-Spirit, Indigiqueer and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ Voices

The University of Manitoba Faculty of Education invites educators, students, and community members to join us in fostering affirming spaces that uplift Two-Spirit, Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ people. Let us commit to:

●    Recognizing the unique intersections of identity and the impacts of colonization.
●    Honouring Indigenous traditions that celebrate gender and sexual diversity.
●    Building systems that support cultural, emotional, and physical wellness for 2S, Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ individuals.
The following resources can help you and your colleagues along the way to expand your knowledge and culture awareness.
Local, Provincial, and National Resources
Local (Winnipeg and Manitoba)

●    Two-Spirited People of Manitoba - https://www.twospiritmanitoba.ca/
A Winnipeg-based organization that supports Two-Spirit individuals through cultural programming, advocacy, and education. They host events such as the Annual Two-Spirit Powwow.

●    Ka Ni Kanichihk Inc. - https://www.kanikanichihk.ca
Focused on Indigenous cultural revitalization and community programming, Ka Ni Kanichihk supports 2S youth through mentoring and leadership development.
●    Two-Spirit Michif Local Manitoba, Manitoba Métis Federation 
2smichiflocal.ca

Provincial (Manitoba)
●    Manitoba Harm Reduction Network - https://mhrn.ca
Promotes harm reduction approaches that centre Indigenous and 2S perspectives, including support for those navigating substance use and mental health challenges.

●    Mount Carmel Clinic - https://www.mountcarmel.ca/
Offers culturally relevant healthcare services, including mental health support for Indigenous and 2S individuals.

National (Canada)
●    Native Youth Sexual Health Network (NYSHN) - http://www.nativeyouthsexualhealth.com
A national organization that integrates Indigenous cultural teachings with sexual and reproductive health education, including for 2S youth.

●    2 Spirits in Motion Foundation - https://2spiritsinmotion.com/
This national organization supports 2S individuals through cultural revitalization, research, and policy advocacy.

●    Egale Canada - https://egale.ca/
Advocates for LGBTQIA+ inclusion and offers resources on 2S identity and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ experiences.

In the spirit of Truth and Reconciliation, as a University community and beyond, it is our responsibility, ethics and obligation  to centre Two-Spirit and Indiqueer voices, engaging in the Calls to Action outlined by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada 

Furthermore, by acknowledging and  embracing cultural resilience, we can support a future where 2S, Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ people thrive in every aspect of their lives.
 

I am a Two-Spirit, Indigiqueer, Indigenous LGBTQIA+ learner at the University of Manitoba

Caring for Your Wellness as a Two-Spirit or Indiqueer Person

Your identity as a Two-Spirit (2S), Indiqueer, Indigenous LGBTQIA+ person is a profound source of strength, rooted in rich cultural traditions and a legacy of resilience. At the same time, balancing your academic journey with the intersections of culture, gender, sexuality, and systemic oppression can present unique issues and barriers. The following is designed to help you prioritize your wellness by offering affirming strategies, culturally relevant practices, and connections to supportive resources, both on campus and in the wider community. Your well-being matters, and we’re here to support you in creating a space where you can thrive authentically.

Connecting with Community

Connecting with community is vital because it provides a sense of belonging, validation, and support that can be difficult to find in the broader society. For many, community serves as a protective factor against the isolation that can result from navigating systems shaped by colonialism, racism, heteronormativity, and cisnormativity.

Strategies to connect with community
●    Build Your Support Network: Surround yourself with other 2S,Indigiqueer and LGBTQIA+ Indigenous peers or allies who understand and validate your experiences. Connecting with organizations like Two-Spirited People of Manitoba, Sunshine House, The Mino Pimatisiwin Sexual Wellness Lodge at Ka Ni Kanichihk or participating in events like 2S gatherings can be a powerful way to feel connected.
●    Cultural and Ceremonial Engagement: Reconnect with your cultural roots through ceremonies, teachings, or mentorship from Knowledge Keepers and Elders who understand and honour Two-Spirit traditions.

Self-Validation and Seeking Affirming Mental Health Support

When seeking therapeutic support, look for counselors or therapists who are culturally aware in working with 2S, Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ individuals. The Rainbow Resource Centre, Two-Spirited People of Manitoba, and Mount Carmel Clinic are good starting points for finding affirming mental health care in Winnipeg. If you’re feeling isolated, search for online peer-led support groups which can provide affirming opportunities to share experiences and receive emotional validation.

Affirming Your Identity While in Academic Spaces

Your identity, including your chosen name and pronouns, is a source of strength and pride. Celebrate your contributions with the Faculty of Education and your community. Share your perspectives, participate in events that uplift 2S and Indiqueer voices, and never hesitate to claim your space as a vital part of the university community. 

We also encourage you to connect with allies among faculty and staff who are supportive of 2S, Indigiqueer, and Indigenous LGBTQIA+ inclusion. Allies can provide guidance, advocacy, or just a listening ear. Visit the Welcome page which identifies your allies at the Faculty of Education. Consider the following strategies which might help with your self-care and wellness:

Practice Self-Care and Cultural Reconnection

  • Engage in ceremony and spirituality: Whether attending the 2S powwow, the 2S Sundance, a 2S sweat lodge at Migizii Agamik or through drumming beading and other practices that resonate, many find healing in reconnecting with ancestral teachings.

    For more information about the 2S powwow, visit https://www.facebook.com/twospiritpowwow/ or email twospiritpowwowwpg@gmail.com.

    For more information about the 2S Sundance, visit https://www.facebook.com/medicinewolfhealingplace 

  • Creative Expression: Explore storytelling, art, dance, or writing as ways to process your emotions and celebrate your identity.

  • Nature and the Land: Spending time in nature is healing and can help you connect to traditional teachings about the land and your role within it.

Access On-Campus Wellness Resources

  • Migizii Agamik: Two-Spirit programming through the UM Indigenous Student Centre 

  • UM Indigenous Student Centre: In addition to Migizii Agamik programming, you can access culturally informed wellness supports, including Elders and student advocates.
  • UM Sexual Violence Resource Centre: Offers confidential support for those affected by violence, discrimination, or harassment.
  • Discrimination and Harassment: If you experience racism, homophobia, transphobia, or any other form of discrimination, report these incidents to campus services such as the UM Human Rights and Conflict Management Office.
  • Financial Challenges: If financial barriers are impacting your wellness, explore funding opportunities such as bursaries or scholarships for Indigenous or LGBTQIA+ students. The University of Manitoba offers financial assistance programs specifically for Indigenous students. 

    For more information:

  • Indigenous Student Awards: https://umanitoba.ca/financial-aid-and-awards/indigenous

  • Lambda scholarship in LGBTQ studies at the University of Manitoba https://umanitoba.ca/financial-aid-and-awards/scholarships#:~:text=Lambda%20Foundation%20for%20Excellence,sports%20or%20human%20rights%20issues.

Remember…
Wellness is not a solitary journey—it is woven into relationships, community, and culture. By nurturing your physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual health, you honour not only yourself but the traditions and ancestors who walk with you. Seek support, advocate for your needs, and embrace the fullness of your identity. The Faculty of Education is here to stand with you every step of the way.
 

Spiritual Health

Navigating spiritual health as a 2SLGBTQIA+ person can be profoundly enriching but also challenging, particularly within settings where acceptance and inclusion of diverse identities may vary. At the University of Manitoba, 2SLGBTQIA+students seeking to reconcile their spiritual health with their identities can benefit from a multi-faceted approach that emphasizes self-compassion, exploration, and connection to affirming resources and communities.

Understanding Spiritual Health for 2SLGBTQIA+People

Spiritual health refers to a sense of meaning, purpose, and connection to something greater than oneself. For 2SLGBTQIA+individuals, this journey can involve reconciling traditional or religious teachings with their identities, finding affirming spiritual communities, or creating personal practices that honor their truths.

To begin navigating this, reflect on the following:
●    What does spirituality mean to me? For some, it might involve organized religion, while for others, it could be a connection to nature, mindfulness, or ancestral traditions.
●    How do I experience spiritual well-being? Spiritual health might be found in quiet meditation, collective worship, or social justice work.
●    What challenges have I faced in aligning my identity with my spiritual beliefs? This reflection can guide the exploration of affirming pathways forward.
 

Affirming Self-Acceptance

The first and perhaps the most important step in fostering spiritual health is embracing one’s identity as valid, and worthy of dignity and love. Spiritual teachings across diverse traditions often emphasize love, compassion, and justice—principles that affirm 2SLGBTQIA+ identities. Affirming oneself can be emotionally laborious given cultural bias risking internalizing negative and biased messages. It can lead to feelings of guilt or shame. Seeking counseling or peer support can help unlearn these harmful messages.

Consider seeking affirming interpretations: Many spiritual traditions have 2SLGBTQIA+ affirming leaders or groups. Exploring inclusive interpretations can empower you to find alignment between their identity and faith.

Exploring Inclusive Spiritual Spaces

While some may associate spirituality with exclusionary practices, many traditions and organizations explicitly affirm 2SLGBTQIA+ people. At the University of Manitoba and in the surrounding Winnipeg area, you may want to consider the following:

●    University Chaplaincy Services: These services often provide interfaith support. Students can seek chaplains who affirm 2SLGBTQIA+ identities or advocate for inclusivity.
●    Affirming Religious Groups: Connect with local communities such as the Metropolitan Community Church, Unitarian Universalist congregations, or reformist Jewish and Islamic groups, all of which often welcome 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals.
●    Indigenous Teachings: For Two-Spirit students, reclaiming or reconnecting with Indigenous spiritual practices can be healing. Many Indigenous traditions honor Two-Spirit roles as sacred and integral to the community.

Creating Personalized Spiritual Practices

For you feel disenchanted with organized religion or prefer a more individualistic approach, creating personal spiritual practices can be healing and fulfilling. Suggestions include:

●    Mindfulness and meditation: Practices like yoga, deep breathing, or guided visualization can help you center yourself and explore and affirm your spiritual needs.
●    Journaling: Reflective writing on identity, faith, and purpose can reveal insights and foster self-awareness.
●    Nature connection: Spending time outdoors, practicing rituals like grounding, or engaging in environmental activism can nurture a sense of spiritual belonging.
●    Artistic expression: Poetry, music, or visual arts can be powerful tools for spiritual exploration.

Connecting with Peers and Allies

Shared experiences can provide comfort and solidarity. Finding a supportive community can help you feel less isolated in your spiritual and personal journeys.

●    Student Groups: Join or connect with peer groups like the Rainbow Pride Mosaic to inquire which organizations or other peer groups that have an affirming spiritual component.
●    Online Communities: Platforms like Beloved Arise (a movement for LGBTQ+ youth of faith) or 2SLGBTQIA+ forums can offer virtual connection with others navigating similar journeys.

For a more comprehensive list of affirming faith and spirituality organizations, scroll to the bottom of this section.
 

Seeking Support Services

Navigating spirituality and identity can be emotionally taxing. Support services, both on-campus and off, can provide valuable resources:

●    University Counseling Services: Many counselors and therapists are trained in supporting 2SLGBTQIA+ students and can help address conflicts between spiritual and personal identities.
●    Crisis Hotlines: For those in immediate need, organizations like LGBT YouthLine (https://www.youthline.ca/) or Trans Lifeline (https://translifeline.org/) offer compassionate, affirming support.
 

Confronting Discrimination and Barriers

Unfortunately, you as an 2SLGBTQIA+ spiritual or person of faith may encounter environments or individuals that challenge their spiritual growth. Here are some strategies to address some of these barriers:

●    Setting boundaries: Avoid spaces or conversations that invalidate your identity. Surround yourself with affirming individuals and communities.
●    Advocacy and education: Engage in initiatives that promote inclusivity within spiritual spaces, challenging systems that perpetuate exclusion.
●    Finding role models: Look to 2SLGBTQIA+ leaders or figures who have successfully integrated their spirituality and identity for inspiration.
 

Reclaiming and Redefining Faith

If you feel estranged from your spiritual or faith tradition, it’s possible to reclaim and redefine your faith in ways that honour your identity:

●    Study your faith tradition history: Many religious and cultural traditions have inclusive or 2SLGBTQIA+ affirming histories that have been overlooked or erased.
●    Creating rituals for yourself: Develop personal or group rituals that affirm identity and faith, such as lighting a candle for self-love or sharing a meal in gratitude.
●    Engaging with affirming theologians: Seek out writings and teachings by theologians who champion 2SLGBTQIA+ inclusion.

Practicing Patience and Compassion

Spiritual journeys are deeply personal and often non-linear. It’s a journey and a process which takes patience and self-compassion. Throughout your journey, it’s important to celebrate small victories, such as finding an affirming resource or experiencing a moment of spiritual clarity. It’s also okay to embrace uncertainty and not have all the answers as our spiritual health evolves over time. 

Affirming Faith and Spiritual Organizations

The following is a curated list of online resources for affirming 2SLGBTQIA+ faith or spiritual organizations in Manitoba and beyond. These resources can provide support, guidance, and community for individuals navigating spirituality and faith as a 2SLGBTQIA+ person.
 

Local and Regional Resources (Manitoba and Canada)

Rainbow Harmony Project -  rainbowharmonyproject.ca : A Winnipeg-based 2SLGBTQIA+choir with connections to affirming faith communities. They provide a welcoming space for exploring spirituality through music and art.

Two-Spirit Manitoba -  twospiritmanitoba.ca : Offers resources, events, and information for Two-Spirit individuals, including connections to traditional Indigenous spiritual practices that honor Two-Spirit roles.

Affirm United/S’affirmer Ensemble - www.affirmunited.ause.ca

A network of affirming ministries in the United Church of Canada. Includes a directory of affirming congregations across Manitoba and beyond.

Dignity Canada - www.dignitycanada.org : An organization for 2SLGBTQIA+ Catholics and allies in Canada, offering spiritual resources, connections to affirming parishes, and support networks.

 

Winnipeg Quakers (Society of Friends) -   www.winnipegquakers.weebly.com : An inclusive spiritual group that welcomes people of all identities, including 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals, for reflective worship and community engagement.

Anglican Church of Canada – Affirming Parishes - www.anglican.ca: Many Anglican dioceses and parishes in Canada actively support 2SLGBTQIA+ inclusion. Check with local Anglican communities in Winnipeg for affirming spaces.

National and International Resources

Beloved Arise - www.belovedarise.org

A Christian organization dedicated to supporting LGBTQ+ youth of faith worldwide. Offers virtual gatherings, workshops, and devotional materials.

Q Christian Fellowship - www.qchristian.org

A global online community for 2SLGBTQIA+ Christians and allies, providing forums, discussion groups, and annual conferences.

Metropolitan Community Churches (MCC) - www.mccchurch.org

A denomination founded to serve 2SLGBTQIA+ Christians. They have a strong online presence and resources for individuals unable to attend physical locations.

Transfaith - www.transfaith.info

A multi-tradition, multi-faith organization by and for transgender and gender-diverse individuals, offering spiritual resources and advocacy tools.

Keshet - www.keshetonline.org

An organization supporting LGBTQ+ inclusion in Jewish life. They offer educational resources, events, and a directory of inclusive Jewish spaces.

Queer Muslim Project - www.thequeermuslimproject.com

A platform for LGBTQ+ Muslims worldwide, featuring stories, support networks, and affirming religious resources.

Faithfully LGBT - www.faithfullylgbt.com

A storytelling project and online community for LGBTQ+ people of faith. Features blog posts, interviews, and resources for navigating spirituality.

Inclusive Mosque Initiative - www.inclusivemosque.org

A progressive organization dedicated to creating safe, inclusive spaces for Muslims, including 2SLGBTQ+ individuals.

ReconcilingWorks - www.reconcilingworks.org

An organization supporting LGBTQ+ inclusion in Lutheran communities. Provides a directory of affirming congregations and advocacy resources.

Unitarian Universalist Association - www.uua.org

Unitarian Universalist communities are known for their strong 2SLGBTQIA+ inclusion. Many congregations offer support groups and spiritual programs tailored to 2SLGBTQIA+ needs.

Gay Buddhist Fellowship - www.gaybuddhist.org

A community for 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals exploring Buddhism. They offer meditation sessions, workshops, and spiritual retreats.

Additional Online Tools and Resources

LGBTQ Religious Archives Network - lgbtqreligiousarchives.org

A resource hub for LGBTQ+ religious history, including access to affirming leaders and spiritual writings.

PFLAG Canada - www.pflagcanada.ca

While primarily focused on family and ally support, PFLAG offers resources for 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals seeking inclusive spiritual spaces.

The Trevor Project (Faith-Based Resources) - www.thetrevorproject.org

Offers faith-based support resources and crisis intervention for LGBTQ+ youth, including spiritual counseling referrals.

Additional Online Tools and Resources

LGBTQ Religious Archives Network - lgbtqreligiousarchives.org
A resource hub for LGBTQ+ religious history, including access to affirming leaders and spiritual writings.

PFLAG Canada - www.pflagcanada.ca
While primarily focused on family and ally support, PFLAG offers resources for 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals seeking inclusive spiritual spaces.

The Trevor Project (Faith-Based Resources) - www.thetrevorproject.org
Offers faith-based support resources and crisis intervention for LGBTQ+ youth, including spiritual counseling referrals.
 

Faculty of Education Contact Us

Faculty of Educations
Education Building
71 Curry Place
University of Manitoba (Fort Garry campus)
Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canadada

204-474-9004
1-800-432-1960 (ext. 9004) Toll-free in Manitoba