Financing Healthcare
One common distinction from the OECD divides international models into three basic approaches to financing care. Social insurance, sometimes called the Bismarck model, relies on payments (by workers and employers) to insurance companies, many of which are not-for-profit. These models are heavily regulated, usually require universal enrollment, and often specify what services must be covered and what premium rates will be. This is a common model in many European countries (e.g., France, Germany). The second approach, often called the Beveridge model, uses tax-based financing. Again, coverage is universal. This model was developed in the UK. The third approach, found in the US and in many emerging economies, uses private insurance and is the only model that does not guarantee coverage to all residents.
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