ࡱ> @ #jbjb 6hhl"""""""VVVV8"tV JV "t\x@@@@@@@,vK M@E "@4-""44-4-4-""s::4-6""""@4- 4- 87:""_:$˯VV&O:_: J JW:\N4-\N_:4-Potential Roles for Diatomists in Nanotechnology Richard Gordon Departments of Radiology and Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Health Sciences Centre. GA216, 820 Sherbrook Street Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9 Canada Phone: (204) 789-3828, Fax: (204) 787-2080 E-mail:  HYPERLINK "mailto:GordonR@ms.Umanitoba.ca" GordonR@ms.Umanitoba.ca John Parkinson Etc. Manuscript started June 1, 2002. Version 79, December 22, 2002February 9, 2003. Prepared for a special issue of J. Nanosci. Nanotech. 3. Abstract Diatoms produce diverse three dimensional structures that may be of value in growing components for nanotechnology, as an alternative to present lithographic techniques. Vapor replacement of the silicon permits the conversion of diatom silica valves and other structures to metal/ceramics, with no loss of structure. The literature on diatom nanotechnology is reviewed, along with suggestions on how diatomists might enhance this emerging technology. There is need for a systematics based catalog of parts, improved diatom culture techniques, better understanding of the mechanisms of diatom morphogenesis and motility, and genetic manipulation, mutagenesis and selection (as via a compustat). We also need a diatom genome project based on species that would be valuable for nanotechnology. Introduction In 1988, while I was probably the worlds only Professor of Botany and Radiology, I received an invitation to an IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) meeting in New Orleans from a former postdoctoral student, Rangaraj M. Rangayyan. He and I had worked on enhancement of mammograms and computed tomography via teleradiology a few years earlier  QUOTE "((Rangayyan, Dhawan & Gordon, 1984))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00$((Rangayyan, Dhawan & Gordon, 1984))\00$\00\18\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Rangayyan, Dhawan, et al. 1984 #425410\00&\00 ((Rangayyan, Dhawan & Gordon, 1984)). My scientific hobby of diatoms that had brought me into the Department of Botany, as I had been working on and off on their morphogenesis and motility for some years. So I put together a two page paper for the Microscopic Imaging session chaired by Karan Kaler, reporting on work with another then recent postdoc, Baltazar Aguda, but added an engineers slant: Diatom morphogenesis: natural fractal fabrication of a complex microstructure Abstract: Diatom shells are intricate structures made by single algal cells with a spacing between parts of about 0.1 m. They appear to be formed by instabilities in diffusion-limited precipitation of amorphous, colloidal silica. The patterns are apparently modified by surface diffusion during their formation. They present a possible means of microfabrication of intricate structures.  QUOTE "((Gordon & Aguda, 1988))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\18((Gordon & Aguda, 1988))\01\05\00\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08 sD\08 t8\18\1C\00\00\00\01\03\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08 sD\08 t8\18\1C\00\00\00\01\05\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08 sD\08 t8\18\1C\00\00\00\01\08\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\005\09\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1BGordon & Aguda 1988 #188740\01\04\00\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0F"\10\0F H\0FGH\0F"8\0F! \0F! \10\0E8\03\00\00\00\00\00\00\08|\10\08|\10\08\10\09\04<r+\0Fk\0F&!\00\0FM! \05\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0F"\10\0F H\0FGH\0F"8\0F! \0F! \10\0E8\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\08|\10\08|\10\08\10\09\04<r+\0Fk\0F&!\00\0FM! ((Gordon & Aguda, 1988)) This was expanded 11 years later by the imaginative postdoctoral fellow John Parkinson, this time addressed to a more specifically nanotechnology audience  QUOTE "((Parkinson & Gordon, 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1C((Parkinson & Gordon, 1999))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\12\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08 V\08 W! \18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08zۇ\18\00\00\00,\18,\00\00\00\00,\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1FParkinson & Gordon 1999 #400170\00\1F\00 ((Parkinson & Gordon, 1999)). Beyond micromachining: the potential of diatoms has already been cited at least 11 times ( QUOTE "((Coradin, Durupthy & Livage, 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00$((Coradin, Durupthy & Livage, 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?GA\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1A\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08 \08 H"\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Coradin, Durupthy, et al. 2002 #722660\00&\00 ((Coradin, Durupthy & Livage, 2002));  QUOTE "((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1D((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\13\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08)L\08*8\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\17\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio Falciatore & Bowler 2002 #716620\00 \00 ((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002));  QUOTE "((Guetens et al., 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\18((Guetens et al., 2000))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0E\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08&! \089 <@\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08zۇ\18\00\00\00,\18,\00\00\00\00\00\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio.Guetens, Van Cauwenberghe, et al. 2000 #722720\00.\00 ((Guetens et al., 2000));  QUOTE "((Krger et al., 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\17((Krger et al., 2000))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08"P\089  p\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00&\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio"Krger, Deutzmann, et al. 2000 #10\00"\00 ((Krger et al., 2000));  QUOTE "((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 2001b))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00%((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 2001b))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1A\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\14\08\00\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\05\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08zۇ\18\00\00\00,\18,\00\00\00\00\00\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Krger, Deutzmann, et al. 2001 #722690\00&\00 ((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 2001b));  QUOTE "((Lowe, 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\0E((Lowe, 2000))\01\05\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\07\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08`\1C\08\00\00\00\02\08zۇ\18\00\00\00,\18,\00\00\00\00\00\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\11Lowe 2000 #722710\00\11\00 ((Lowe, 2000));  QUOTE "((Noll, Sumper & Hampp, 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1E((Noll, Sumper & Hampp, 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\14\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08m\08n\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio!Noll, Sumper, et al. 2002 #722670\00!\00 ((Noll, Sumper & Hampp, 2002));  QUOTE "((Sandhage et al., 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Sandhage et al., 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\09\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\07\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08&!L(\08D \18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\0FGH\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00W\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio(Sandhage, Dickerson, et al. 2002 #722650\00(\00 ((Sandhage et al., 2002));  QUOTE "((Scala & Bowler, 2001))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\18((Scala & Bowler, 2001))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0E\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08o$\08p\10\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\03\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1BScala & Bowler 2001 #657760\00\1B\00 ((Scala & Bowler, 2001));  QUOTE "((Zurzolo & Bowler, 2001))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1A((Zurzolo & Bowler, 2001))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\08\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\03\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \084\08 \18\1C\00\00\00\01\08\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \084\08 \18\1C\00\00\00\01\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\0Ey\18\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\07\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1DZurzolo & Bowler 2001 #669240\00\1D\00 ((Zurzolo & Bowler, 2001))). One might wonder why people in nanotechnology would bother with diatoms, since they are made of silica, rather than elemental silicon, the staple of the electronics industry. I wondered too, and then a remarkable paper arrived by Kenneth H. Sandhage and his colleagues  QUOTE "((Sandhage et al., 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Sandhage et al., 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\09\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\07\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08.\08D \18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\0FGH\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00W\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio(Sandhage, Dickerson, et al. 2002 #722650\00(\00 ((Sandhage et al., 2002)). Inspired by Beyond micromachining, they added one major step: replacement of all the silicon atoms with magnesium atoms. This was done by placing diatom valves (Aulacoseira obtained from diatomaceous earth) in a magnesium gas at 900oC for 4 hours. The wonderful result is that the structure is preserved during this process, much like the (not necessarily slow:  QUOTE "((Drum, 1968))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\0E((Drum, 1968))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08! T\08! H\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00"0\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\11Drum 1968 #132220\01\02\00\04\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0F"\10\0F\12\0FGH\0F\05"\10\03\10\03\10\0D\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\08|\10\08|\10\08\10\09\04<r+\0Fk\10\08\0FM! ((Drum, 1968))) process of fossilization. In this case, the presumed SiO2 was all replaced by MgO: the silica could also be converted into a wide variety of other ceramics or ceramic/metal composites with desired electronic, optical, thermal, or chemical properties it seems likely that future genetic engineering could yield frustules with tailored, non-natural shapes and features  QUOTE "((Parkinson & Gordon, 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1C((Parkinson & Gordon, 1999))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\12\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\1F\08 \18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00, \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1FParkinson & Gordon 1999 #400170\00\1F\00 ((Parkinson & Gordon, 1999))  QUOTE "((Sandhage et al., 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Sandhage et al., 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\09\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\07\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08 \08D \18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\0FGH\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00W\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio(Sandhage, Dickerson, et al. 2002 #722650\00(\00 ((Sandhage et al., 2002)). An advantage of diatoms is that they allow direct fabrication of three dimensional structures, instead of the layer by layer manipulation common in present day nanotechnology, which is based primarily on the lithographic methods used to make microelectronics  QUOTE "((Madou, 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\0F((Madou, 2002))\00\0F\00,\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\0FMadou 2002 #240\00\0F\00 ((Madou, 2002)). Furthermore, diatoms reproduce, and so can outperform any factory production method via exponential growth of their numbers  QUOTE "((Sandhage et al., 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Sandhage et al., 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\09\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\07\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08@\08D \18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\0FGH\00\00\00\02\08z! \18\00\00\00,\18,\00\00\00\00W\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio(Sandhage, Dickerson, et al. 2002 #722650\00(\00 ((Sandhage et al., 2002)). Diatom parts could also be used as molds  QUOTE "((Blanco et al., 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\17((Blanco et al., 2000))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \189 \00\00\00,?GA\08 [X\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\18\1A\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio$Blanco, Chomski, et al. 2000 #724930\00$\00 ((Blanco et al., 2000)). The diatom valve is flexible, without being brittle  QUOTE "((Sterrenburg & Tiffany, 2003))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1F((Sterrenburg & Tiffany, 2003))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\15\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\04\08\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00'\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1FSterrenburg & Tiffany 2003 #330\00\1F\00 ((Sterrenburg & Tiffany, 2003)), and it will be interesting to measure its strength, in silica and substituted materials, using micromanipulation techniques ( QUOTE "((Harper & Harper, 1967))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Harper & Harper, 1967))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0F\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\14\08\08\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00%\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1CHarper & Harper 1967 #212430\00\1C\00 ((Harper & Harper, 1967));  QUOTE "((Rappaport, 1996))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\13((Rappaport, 1996))\00\13\00J\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\16Rappaport 1996 #613980\00\16\00 ((Rappaport, 1996))), or to calculate it, which would be a challenge to finite element methods  QUOTE "((Entwistle, 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\13((Entwistle, 1999))\01\03\00\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\09\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08D \08 \18\1C\00\00\00\01\08\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\19\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\16Entwistle 1999 #724400\00\16\00 ((Entwistle, 1999)). One might speculate that aberrant diatoms will have weaker valves. The degree of silicification of diatom valves can vary in Nature nature for a species, some diatoms have only minimally silicified valves, and in Cylindrotheca, only the raphe is silicified, the remainder of the valve being purely organic. The study of diatoms may now take center stage in nanotechnology and biotechnology. It all depends on just how versatile they are, and how much effort we put into mastering their domestication. Here are opportunities for diatomists to apply their skills: Nanotechnologists need a catalog of parts that diatoms make that might be useful, and which species of diatoms make them. Parts include pores of many shapes, costae, raphes, whole valves, girdle bands, strutted processes, rimoportulae, labiate processes, setae, spines, hollow spines, etc. Some parts come prefit together, such as marginal spines in certain colonial diatoms. Culture of diatoms with interesting parts may have to be standardized and scaled up. In particular, we may have to learn how to prevent diatom malformations, common in culture  QUOTE "((Estes & Dute, 1994))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\16((Estes & Dute, 1994))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0C\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\080|\081p\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00!e\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\19Estes & Dute 1994 #145050\00\19\00 ((Estes & Dute, 1994)), from occurring (except when they are exactly what we want). Quantitative control of silicification, by making silica the limiting nutrient  QUOTE "((Gensemer, Smith & Duthie, 1993))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00"((Gensemer, Smith & Duthie, 1993))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\18\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\08ʆx\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00:\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio$Gensemer, Smith, et al. 1993 #175390\00$\00 ((Gensemer, Smith & Duthie, 1993)), gives us a degree of control of the morphogenetic process. Silica starvation synchrony  QUOTE "((Okita & Volcani, 1978))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Okita & Volcani, 1978))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0F\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\080 \08\09\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1COkita & Volcani 1978 #390470\00\1C\00 ((Okita & Volcani, 1978)) could be used to mass produce parts whose silicification is stopped early, such as nascent valves not yet released from their silicalemmae. Auxospores  QUOTE "((Hkansson & Chepurnov, 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1F((Hkansson & Chepurnov, 1999))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08zۇ\18\00\00\00,\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\15\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08l\08m\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00b \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio"Hkansson & Chepurnov 1999 #205310\00"\00 ((Hkansson & Chepurnov, 1999)) and resting spores  QUOTE "((Oku & Kamatani, 1995))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\18((Oku & Kamatani, 1995))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0E\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08l\08X\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00=p\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1BOku & Kamatani 1995 #390540\00\1B\00 ((Oku & Kamatani, 1995)) may provide unique diatom parts, and we need to master how to bring on these life cycle stages and diatom sex for recombination  QUOTE "((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1D((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\13\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08+\08,x\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\17\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio Falciatore & Bowler 2002 #716620\00 \00 ((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002)). Inclusions of salt crystals  QUOTE "((Gordon & Brodland, 1990))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1B((Gordon & Brodland, 1990))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\11\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\08+""\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00 \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1EGordon & Brodland 1990 #188990\00\1E\00 ((Gordon & Brodland, 1990)) and manipulation (or poisoning, as with germanium or aluminum  QUOTE "((Vrieling et al., 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Vrieling et al., 1999))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0F\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08zۇ\18\00\00\00,?GA\08\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00B\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio$Vrieling, Poort, et al. 1999 #546660\00$\00 ((Vrieling et al., 1999))) of the physicochemical conditions in the silicalemma should provide altered valve geometries  QUOTE "((Vrieling , Gieskes & Beelen, 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00%((Vrieling , Gieskes & Beelen, 1999))\01\09\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\0A\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \084\08"(\18\1C\00\00\00\01\07\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \084\08"(\18\1C\00\00\00\01\03\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \084\08"(\18\1C\00\00\00\01\08\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \084\08"(\18\1C\00\00\00\01\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?GA\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\0E\0B\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01 \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio'Vrieling , Gieskes, et al. 1999 #546670\00'\00 ((Vrieling , Gieskes & Beelen, 1999)). Separation techniques for the isolation and purification of specific diatom parts will be needed. Given that many diatoms decrease in size through succeeding generations  QUOTE "((Pfitzer, 1869))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\11((Pfitzer, 1869))\01\05\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\0A\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\09\0E-H\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00D(\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\14Pfitzer 1869 #728590\01\02\00\07\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\09\0E\08\10\09S\040\09\0E-H\09R \09R\09R\19\1E \0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\1E\19\1E\19\1ED\19\1E?k\09\10Q\09,K \09\103! ((Pfitzer, 1869))  QUOTE "((Kling, 1993))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\0F((Kling, 1993))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \18\00\00\00,\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?GA\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\05\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08_\08`\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00! 9\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\12Kling 1993 #280830\00\12\00 ((Kling, 1993)), we may have to either focus on those few species that somehow avoid this, or sort diatoms or components by size. If we want diatoms to make parts for us that are not in their present repertoire, we need to find out how far they can be pushed by domestication (forced evolution towards desired characteristics), as with a compustat  QUOTE "((Gordon, 1996a))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\11((Gordon, 1996a))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\06\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\08d"p\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\05\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\009U\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\14Gordon 1996a #188560\00\14\00 ((Gordon, 1996a)), or by selection in the presence of physical forces  QUOTE "((Gordon et al., 1996))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\17((Gordon et al., 1996))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\07\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?GA\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\07\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08FX\08D \18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\0C&x\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00&\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Gordon, Bjrklund, et al. 1996 #188930\01\04\00\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0C&@\0CfP\0C&x\0CfC\0Cf! \0Cf! \0D,\18\02\00\00\00\00\00\00|\0A|\0A\0A\04=K\09U \09 \097\09\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0C&@\0CfP\0C&x\0CfC\0Cf! \0Cf! \0D,\18\15\00\00\00\00\00\00|\0A|\0A\0A\04=K\09U \09 \097 ((Gordon et al., 1996)). Diatom paleontologists  QUOTE "((Stoermer & Smol, 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Stoermer & Smol, 1999))\01\05\00\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\08\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08|\08p\18\1C\00\00\00\01\03\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08|\08p\18\1C\00\00\00\01\04\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08|\08p\18\1C\00\00\00\01\08\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1CStoermer & Smol 1999 #504850\01\04\00\08\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\09\0C \090\091X\09 \09B(\09B(\0A8\03\00\00\00\00\00\00|\0A|\0A\0A\04=K\09U \09H"+\10\097\04\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\09\0C \090\091X\09 \09B(\09B(\0A8\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00|\0A|\0A\0A\04=K\09U \09H"+\10\097 ((Stoermer & Smol, 1999)) may be able to extend the parts list, and challenge us to recover lost morphogenetic capabilities by selective breeding and mutagenesis of extant species for  throwbacks . Since the molecular biology of diatoms (reviewed in  QUOTE "((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1D((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\13\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08N\08O\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\17\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio Falciatore & Bowler 2002 #716620\00 \00 ((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002))) is now well under way ( QUOTE "((Hildebrand et al., 1993))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1B((Hildebrand et al., 1993))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\11\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08 \08a\00\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00"\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio(Hildebrand, Higgins, et al. 1993 #226750\00(\00 ((Hildebrand et al., 1993));  QUOTE "((Roessler, 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\12((Roessler, 2000))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\08\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\144\08\15(\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00+"\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\15Roessler 2000 #593060\00\15\00 ((Roessler, 2000))), including genetic transformation ( QUOTE "((Apt, Kroth-Pancic & Grossman, 1996))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00&((Apt, Kroth-Pancic & Grossman, 1996))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1C\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\08\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00 \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio%Apt, Kroth-Pancic, et al. 1996 #14960\00%\00 ((Apt, Kroth-Pancic & Grossman, 1996));  QUOTE "((Dunahay, Jarvis & Roessler, 1995))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00$((Dunahay, Jarvis & Roessler, 1995))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?GA\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1A\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\08\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\06\1A\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio$Dunahay, Jarvis, et al. 1995 #724750\00$\00 ((Dunahay, Jarvis & Roessler, 1995));  QUOTE "((Falciatore et al., 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1B((Falciatore et al., 1999))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\11\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08"  \08\0FH\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\0B\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio(Falciatore, Casotti, et al. 1999 #662080\00(\00 ((Falciatore et al., 1999));  QUOTE "((Zaslavskaia et al., 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1C((Zaslavskaia et al., 2000))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\12\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08`\08H\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00&!\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio+Zaslavskaia, Lippmeier, et al. 2000 #593090\01\04\00\0B\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0E"Y\00\0F\0A/\0E"~8\0F\0A""\0F\09\0F\09\0F& D\02\00\00\00\00\00\00& ?|\0F& ?|\0F& ?\0F& @\04;B\0B\0EH""\0EH\0EH" \09\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0E"Y\00\0F\0A/\0E"~8\0F\0A""\0F\09\0F\09\0F& D\15\00\00\00\00\00\00& ?|\0F& ?|\0F& ?\0F& @\04;B\0B\0EH""\0EH\0EH" ((Zaslavskaia et al., 2000))), we may find means of genetically manipulating diatoms to produce silica parts with desired characteristics. Much may be learned by the further analysis of just how diatoms create silica structures. This field has advanced from simple precipitation models (albeit with instabilities in diffusion limited precipitation: :  QUOTE "((Schultze, 1863a))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\13((Schultze, 1863a))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\08\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08O\08P\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\05\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00s8\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\16Schultze 1863a #466850\00\16\00 ((Schultze, 1863a));  QUOTE "((Schultze, 1863b))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\13((Schultze, 1863b))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\08\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\08\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\05\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00t8\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\16Schultze 1863b #466860\00\16\00 ((Schultze, 1863b));  QUOTE "((Gordon & Drum, 1994))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\17((Gordon & Drum, 1994))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08E\5C\08FP\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00;\09\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1AGordon & Drum 1994 #189080\00\1A\00 ((Gordon & Drum, 1994))), to the role of the cytoskeleton  QUOTE "((Parkinson, Brechet & Gordon, 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00%((Parkinson, Brechet & Gordon, 1999))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1B\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08e"$\08\10\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\1B \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio'Parkinson, Brechet, et al. 1999 #400140\00'\00 ((Parkinson, Brechet & Gordon, 1999)), to the molecular analysis of silica transport and  prepatterning organic molecules ( QUOTE "((Brott et al., 2001))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\16((Brott et al., 2001))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0C\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08\08"\08\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio Brott, Naik, et al. 2001 #722680\00 \00 ((Brott et al., 2001));  QUOTE "((Fischer et al., 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\18((Fischer et al., 1999))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0E\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08\08^@\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00 \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio"Fischer, Robl, et al. 1999 #617720\00"\00 ((Fischer et al., 1999));  QUOTE "((Hildebrand, Dahlin & Volcani, 1998))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00&((Hildebrand, Dahlin & Volcani, 1998))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1C\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08'\08(\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00< \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio'Hildebrand, Dahlin, et al. 1998 #226730\00'\00 ((Hildebrand, Dahlin & Volcani, 1998));  QUOTE "((Hildebrand et al., 1997))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1B((Hildebrand et al., 1997))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\11\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08\08:"\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00 \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio(Hildebrand, Volcani, et al. 1997 #226770\00(\00 ((Hildebrand et al., 1997));  QUOTE "((Krger & Wetherbee, 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1C((Krger & Wetherbee, 2000))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\12\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08و\08٘\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1CKrger & Wetherbee 2000 #910\00\1C\00 ((Krger & Wetherbee, 2000));  QUOTE "((Krger, Bergsdorf & Sumper, 1996))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00$((Krger, Bergsdorf & Sumper, 1996))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1A\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \081e\081f\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00 \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Krger, Bergsdorf, et al. 1996 #289920\00&\00 ((Krger, Bergsdorf & Sumper, 1996));  QUOTE "((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00$((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 1999))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1A\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \081 \081 x\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00 \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Krger, Deutzmann, et al. 1999 #289950\00&\00 ((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 1999));  QUOTE "((Krger et al., 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\17((Krger et al., 2000))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08\08\081 \18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00&\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio"Krger, Deutzmann, et al. 2000 #10\00"\00 ((Krger et al., 2000));  QUOTE "((Rhodes, 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\10((Rhodes, 2000))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\06\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\0C\08\00\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Kroger, Deutzmann, et al. 2000 #722700\00&\00 ((Rhodes, 2000));  QUOTE "((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 2001a))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00%((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 2001a))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1A\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\0C\5C\08\0DH\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\05\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00|\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Krger, Deutzmann, et al. 2001 #622760\00&\00 ((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 2001a));  QUOTE "((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 2001b))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00%((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 2001b))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?GA\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1A\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\084\08 \18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\05\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Krger, Deutzmann, et al. 2001 #722690\00&\00 ((Krger, Deutzmann & Sumper, 2001b));  QUOTE "((Krger et al., 1997))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\17((Krger et al., 1997))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\07\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\07\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\080\08D \18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\10\04+\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00[ \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio$Krger, Lehmann, et al. 1997 #289930\01\04\00\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\10\04\06 \10g/8\10\04+\10g"(\10f \18\10f \18\11\09 \02\00\00\00\00\00\00\09\11\09\11\09D\11\09<G[\10\06PP\10-Y\10\062p\07\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\10\04\06 \10g/8\10\04+\10g"(\10f \18\10f \18\11\09 \15\00\00\00\00\00\00\09\11\09\11\09D\11\09<G[\10\06PP\10-Y\10\062p ((Krger et al., 1997));  QUOTE "((Martin-Jezequel, Hildebrand & Brzezinski, 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\002((Martin-Jezequel, Hildebrand & Brzezinski, 2000))\01\09\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\10\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\08x\18\1C\00\00\00\01\0A\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\08x\18\1C\00\00\00\01\03\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\08x\18\1C\00\00\00\01\0C\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\08\08x\18\1C\00\00\00\01\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\0E"~8\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00k\19\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio0Martin-Jezequel, Hildebrand, et al. 2000 #723080\000\00 ((Martin-Jezequel, Hildebrand & Brzezinski, 2000));  QUOTE "((Naik et al., 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\15((Naik et al., 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0B\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \189 \00\00\00,?GA\08@\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio Naik, Brott, et al. 2002 #722730\00 \00 ((Naik et al., 2002));  QUOTE "((Sowards et al., 2001))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\18((Sowards et al., 2001))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0E\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08\18\08o\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Sowards, Whitlock, et al. 2001 #722740\00&\00 ((Sowards et al., 2001));  QUOTE "((Wenzler et al., 2001))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\18((Wenzler et al., 2001))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \18\00\00\00,\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0E\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08! \080 \18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00e"\0C\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio%Wenzler, Brunner, et al. 2001 #710770\00%\00 ((Wenzler et al., 2001))), whose place in the overall spatiotemporal morphogenesis of diatom valves and other parts is far from understood  QUOTE "((van de Poll, Vrieling & Gieskes, 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00*((van de Poll, Vrieling & Gieskes, 1999))\01\09\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\0C\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\08\18\1C\00\00\00\01\09\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\08\18\1C\00\00\00\01\03\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\08\18\1C\00\00\00\01\09\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\08\18\1C\00\00\00\01\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\091X\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00 \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio+van de Poll, Vrieling , et al. 1999 #536700\01\04\00\0B\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\09\0C \09(\091X\09z\18\09D \09D \0A8\02\00\00\00\00\00\00|\0A|\0A\0A\04=K\09U \09\097\09\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\09\0C \09(\091X\09z\18\09D \09D \0A8\15\00\00\00\00\00\00|\0A|\0A\0A\04=K\09U \09\097 ((van de Poll, Vrieling & Gieskes, 1999)). These molecules are already in use to produce holograms  QUOTE "((Brott et al., 2001))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\16((Brott et al., 2001))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0C\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08\08\0B(\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio Brott, Naik, et al. 2001 #722680\01\04\00\05\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0F"\10\10\025\0FGH\10\02(\10\01\10\01\10\0C\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\08|\10\08|\10\08\10\09\04<r+\0Fk\0F0\0FM! \04\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0F"\10\10\025\0FGH\10\02(\10\01\10\01\10\0C\15\00\00\00\00\00\00\08|\10\08|\10\08\10\09\04<r+\0Fk\0F0\0FM! ((Brott et al., 2001)). The optical properties of diatoms have yet to be explored, except for speculations that the valve and spines form an antenna for visible light (Ryan W. Drum, personal communications). With metal/ceramic substitutions  QUOTE "((Sandhage et al., 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Sandhage et al., 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\09\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\07\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08d"\08D \18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\0FGH\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00W\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio(Sandhage, Dickerson, et al. 2002 #722650\00(\00 ((Sandhage et al., 2002)) the refractive index would change, altering optical characteristics. Perhaps diatoms could become components in optical computing  QUOTE "((Karim & Awwal, 1992))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\17((Karim & Awwal, 1992))\00\17\00\19\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1AKarim & Awwal 1992 #724390\00\1A\00 ((Karim & Awwal, 1992)). The remarkable regularity of striation in these some genera makes the valves act as small diffraction gratings  QUOTE "((Sterrenburg, 1991))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\15((Sterrenburg, 1991))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0B\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08@\04\08C \18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\04\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\18Sterrenburg 1991 #502600\00\18\00 ((Sterrenburg, 1991)). This idea was also raised in an apparently unsuccessful grant application that I reviewed, but is certainly worth pursuing. Diatom adhesion to surfaces is strong, a major factor in biofouling  QUOTE "((Johnson, Hoagland & Gretz, 1995))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00#((Johnson, Hoagland & Gretz, 1995))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\19\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \08\1C\08\10\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio&Johnson, Hoagland, et al. 1995 #258810\00&\00 ((Johnson, Hoagland & Gretz, 1995)). These glues, deposited by us, or diatoms directed by us to specific locations, might prove useful in bonding nanotechnology components. It may now be time to launch a diatom genome project around diatom nanotechnology objectives. Selection of appropriate diatoms should be based on phylogenetic, molecular evolution  QUOTE "((Kooistra & Medlin, 1996))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1B((Kooistra & Medlin, 1996))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\11\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\09\00\09\00\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00 \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1EKooistra & Medlin 1996 #284930\00\1E\00 ((Kooistra & Medlin, 1996)) and taxonomic criteria, and on (preferably small) genome size  QUOTE "((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1D((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\13\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \09\01\11 \09\01\12\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\17\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio Falciatore & Bowler 2002 #716620\00 \00 ((Falciatore & Bowler, 2002)). Here is an opportunity for rational choice of a model organism or two, rather than locking in on someones favorite beast which may be evolutionarily too specialized (as happened with Drosophila and zebrafish). One diatom, the morphologically simple Thalassiosira pseudonana, is now being sequenced ( QUOTE "((Hildebrand, 2000)"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\13((Hildebrand, 2000)\01\03\00\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\0A\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \09\01,\09\01&!\18\18\1C\00\00\00\01\07\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00B\04\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\17Hildebrand 2000 #722970\01\02\00\0A\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0E"Y\00\0F0\0E"~8\0F0"\0F/68\0F/68\0F& F\18\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00& ?|\0F& ?|\0F& ?\0F& @\04;B\0B\0EH""\0E |\0EH" ((Hildebrand, 2000);  QUOTE "((Schwartz, 2001)"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\11((Schwartz, 2001)\01\03\00\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\08\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \09\02\10\09\02\11\18\1C\00\00\00\01\07\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00q\19\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\15Schwartz 2001 #723140\00\15\00 ((Schwartz, 2001)). If we succeed in morphologically and/or genetically modifying diatoms, given that they are at the bottom of many food chains or webs, attention will have to be paid to the accidental release of altered diatoms into the environment (Liz Kalaugher, personal communication). The ubiquity of some species presents the possibility of worldwide impact, which we should evaluate before it happens. If diatoms are to be used for microencapsulation of drugs  QUOTE "((Sandhage et al., 2002))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Sandhage et al., 2002))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\09\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\07\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08\08D \18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\0FGH\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00W\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio(Sandhage, Dickerson, et al. 2002 #722650\01\04\00\08\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0F"\10\0F\1F`\0FGH\0F\12P\0F\0F\10\0D\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\18\18`"D\18`"?\0B\08{\11\08u(\08z! \09\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0F"\10\0F\1F`\0FGH\0F\12P\0F\0F\10\0D\15\00\00\00\00\00\00\18\18`"D\18`"?\0B\08{\11\08u(\08z! ((Sandhage et al., 2002)), then we have to worry about biocompatibility or silicosis  QUOTE "((Harber et al., 1998); (Hughes et al., 1998))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00.((Harber et al., 1998); (Hughes et al., 1998))\01\0D\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\00\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18\04\08x\10\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08x\09\03%@\180 \08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18\04\00\00\00\00\18\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18\04\00\00\00\00\18\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\00\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18\04\08x\10\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18\04\08x\10\01\00\10\04\00\00\00\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18\04\08x\10\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08&!\17\09\03\18\180 \08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18\04\00\00\00\00\18\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18\04\00\00\00\00\18\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\00\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18\04\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00A\01\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08zۇ\18\00\00\00,\18\00\00\00\00D\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio"Hughes, Weill, et al. 1998 #241850\00"\00 ((Harber et al., 1998); (Hughes et al., 1998)) QUOTE ""  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\00\01\00\00Z \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio%Harber, Dahlgren, et al. 1998 #210420\00%\00 . Finally, motile diatoms can lift 1000x their own weight ( QUOTE "((Harper & Harper, 1967))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\19((Harper & Harper, 1967))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0F\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\09\04L\09\04@\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00%\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1CHarper & Harper 1967 #212430\00\1C\00 ((Harper & Harper, 1967));  QUOTE "((Gordon & Drum, 1970))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\17((Gordon & Drum, 1970))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\07\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\03\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\09\04\04\09\04ٯ\18\1C\00\00\00\01\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \09\04\04\09\04\18\1C\00\00\00\01\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08n&!H\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00X\18\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1AGordon & Drum 1970 #189060\00\1A\00 ((Gordon & Drum, 1970))) via a still puzzling raphe mechanism  QUOTE "((Drum & Gordon, 2003))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\17((Drum & Gordon, 2003))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\09\05P\09\05Q\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00,\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\17Drum & Gordon 2003 #320\00\17\00 ((Drum & Gordon, 2003))  QUOTE "{Gordon & Drum 2002 #720850}"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1C{Gordon & Drum 2002 #720850}\01\05\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\07\00\00\00\00\19\1En\00K@L\00K>h@\19\1E]\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0B l \0C\1F \0B X\0C\1Fu\10\0C\1FQ"\0C\1FQ"\0CT \03\00\00\00\00\00\00\1E<\19\1E<\19\1E\19\1E?k\09\10Q\09=H\09\103! \04\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0B l \0C\1F \0B X\0C\1Fu\10\0C\1FQ"\0C\1FQ"\0CT \0E\00\00\00\00\00\00\1E<\19\1E<\19\1E\19\1E?k\09\10Q\09=H\09\103! \09\19\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1AGordon & Drum 2002 #720850\01\04\00\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0E\0F\0FQH\0E\0B\0F\0FD8\0F\0F$\0F\0F$\0FH"R\03\00\00\00\00\00\00|\0A|\0A\0A\04=K\09U \09EP\097\04\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0E\0F\0FQH\0E\0B\0F\0FD8\0F\0F$\0F\0F$\0FH"R\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00|\0A|\0A\0A\04=K\09U \09EP\097 {Gordon & Drum 2002 #720850} that appears to be over 99% energy efficient  QUOTE "((Gordon, 1987))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\10((Gordon, 1987))\01\05\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\09\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\0CKtx\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00z\18\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\13Gordon 1987 #188220\01\02\00\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0CKO@\0Ci! \0CKtx\0C\5C \0C<\10\0C<\10\0DQ7@\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\08|\10\08|\10\08\10\09\04<r+\0Fk\0F&!dH\0FM! ((Gordon, 1987)). Some diatoms move and then adhere tightly to surfaces  QUOTE "((Wang et al., 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\15((Wang et al., 2000))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0B\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08"\09\05X\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1FWang, Chen, et al. 2000 #593080\00\1F\00 ((Wang et al., 2000)). If we understood their chemotactic  QUOTE "((Cooksey & Cooksey, 1988))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\1B((Cooksey & Cooksey, 1988))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\11\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\09\06r4\09\06s(\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\1C?\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\1ECooksey & Cooksey 1988 #101260\00\1E\00 ((Cooksey & Cooksey, 1988)), phototactic  QUOTE "((Nultsch, 1975))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\11((Nultsch, 1975))\00\11\00,?\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\14Nultsch 1975 #385930\00\14\00 ((Nultsch, 1975)) and adhesion  QUOTE "((Wigglesworth-Cooksey & Cooksey, 1992))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00(((Wigglesworth-Cooksey & Cooksey, 1992))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\1E\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \09\07\15\09\07\16\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00n\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00@\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio+Wigglesworth-Cooksey & Cooksey 1992 #564950\00+\00 ((Wigglesworth-Cooksey & Cooksey, 1992)) behavior better, we might be able to get diatoms to move into specified positions, say on micropatterned substrates  QUOTE "((Chen et al., 1997))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\15((Chen et al., 1997))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0B\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08H\09\07)0\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00K: \00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio!Chen, Mrksich, et al. 1997 #86660\00!\00 ((Chen et al., 1997)), and then in place convert them into organized arrays of nanotechnology components. Some engineers are trying to grow computers the way embryos grow  QUOTE "((Mange et al., 2000))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\16((Mange et al., 2000))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\0C\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\08! \09\07`\18$\08x\10\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00k\0F\01\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio"Mange, Sipper, et al. 2000 #694420\00"\00 ((Mange et al., 2000))  QUOTE "((Gordon, 2001e))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\11((Gordon, 2001e))\01\07\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\06\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \09\0A~d\09\0AP\18\1C\00\00\00\01\02\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\05\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\01\00\10\04\00\00\004\08x$?9\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\10\08x\10\18D\08x\10\01\00\00\00\00\00\00nٿ\08x\10\00\00\00\02\08zۇ\18\00\00\00,\18,\00\00\00\00\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\14Gordon 2001e #188710\00\14\00 ((Gordon, 2001e)). Diatoms give us a handle on morphogenesis at the finer, subcellular level (cf.  QUOTE "((Gordon, 1999))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\10((Gordon, 1999))\01\03\00\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?ᕥ\09\0A\1C\09\0A\08\18\1C\00\00\00\01\08\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00s\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\13Gordon 1999 #188660\01\02\00\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\0E"Y\00\0F\12 X\0E"~8\0F\12H\0F\12 \0F\12 \0F& A\00\0D\00\00\00\00\00\00<\18<\18\18?\0B\08{\11\08\18\08z! ((Gordon, 1999));  QUOTE "((Harold, 2001))"  ADDIN PROCITE \11\05\19\02\00\00\00\10((Harold, 2001))\01\03\00\02\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00H\00\00\00C\00\00\00\02\08z! \00\00\000\18,\00\00\00\00\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\01\00\00\00\00?" \09\0B0\09\0B1\18\1C\00\00\00\01\08\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\1F! \00\00\00\01\00\00\00\18D\00\00\00\00\18<\00\00\00\00\00\00CDick's iBook HD:Users:gordonr:Public:Public Databases:Dick's Biblio\13Harold 2001 #629410\01\02\00\06\00\10\04\00\00\00\00\00"\08x\10\09\17\08xH\09\17w\09\175h\09\175h\18 \0D\00\00\00\00\00\00\18\18`"D\18`"?\0B\08{\11\08\08z! ((Harold, 2001))). There is much work ahead, but there is no reason that diatomists couldn t take the lead, teaming up with the engineers who are trying to grow nanotechnology. Acknowledgments I would like to thank Diana Gordon, Isabelle Harouche, Thierry Lebeau, Blake Podaima, Kenneth H. Sandhage and Frithjof A.S. Sterrenburg for their comments. Reference List Apt, K.E., P.G. Kroth-Pancic & A.R. Grossman (1996). Stable nuclear transformation of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Mol Gen Genet 252(5), 572-579. Blanco, A., E. Chomski, S. Grabtchak, M. Ibisate, S. John, S.W. Leonard, C. Lopez, F. Meseguer, H. Miguez, J.P. Mondia, G.A. Ozin, O. Toader & H.M. van Driel (2000). Large-scale synthesis of a silicon photonic crystal with a complete three-dimensional bandgap near 1.5 micrometres. Nature 405(6785), 437-440. Brott, L.L., R.R. Naik, D.J. Pikas, S.M. Kirkpatrick, D.W. Tomlin, P.W. Whitlock, S.J. Clarson & M.O. Stone (2001). Ultrafast holographic nanopatterning of biocatalytically formed silica. Nature 413 (6853), 291-293. Chen, C.S., M. Mrksich, S. Huang, G.M. Whitesides & D.E. Ingber (1997). Geometric control of cell life and death. Science 276(5317), 1425-1428. Cooksey, B. & K.E. Cooksey (1988). Chemical signal-response in diatoms of the genus Amphora. J. Cell Sci. 91, 523-529. Coradin, T., O. Durupthy & J. Livage (2002). 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Kalbitze (2001). 1H, 13C and 15N sequence-specific resonance assignment of the PSCD4 domain of diatom cell wall protein pleuralin-1. J Biomol NMR 20(2), 191-192. Wigglesworth-Cooksey, B. & K.E. Cooksey (1992). Can diatoms sense surfaces? State of our knowledge. Biofouling 5, 227-238. Zaslavskaia, L.A., J.C. Lippmeier, P.G. Kroth, A.R. Grossman & K.E. Apt (2000). Transformation of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae) with a variety of selectable marker and reporter genes. J. Phycol. 36(2), 379-386. Zurzolo, C. & C. Bowler (2001). Exploring bioinorganic pattern formation in diatoms. a story of polarized trafficking. Plant Physiol 127(4), 1339-1345. PAGE  PAGE 1 1@HIJabcdgsx8 : 68:|%dfh"$!!!!!!"r" 6B*ph B*ph cHdhMr< j<U6 HhMr cHdhMr HhezHhezWezHhezWez Hhez0J>*jU jU5<12AcdsDC$Eƀez$a$^ 12Acdsxy # $ 1 -.|l`m`rr:<&δ{s  z  <  -  ?  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