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{\title Robotic Skin Scanner }{\author Richard Gordon}{\operator Richard Gordon}{\creatim\yr2002\mo3\dy24\hr16\min46}{\revtim\yr2002\mo3\dy24\hr16\min46}{\printim\yr2002\mo3\dy21\hr7\min42}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages2}{\nofwords1036}{\nofchars5906}
{\*\company University of Manitoba}{\nofcharsws7252}{\vern8243}}\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0
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\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\b 4}{\b\super th}{\b  Year Projects for Engineering Students, 2002
\par Richard Gordon, GordonR@ms.umanitoba.ca
\par }\pard \s15\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {
\par }}{\footer \pard\plain \s16\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs18 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\cs18\lang1024 1}}}{\cs18 
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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\b\fs20 Robotic Skin Scanner 

\par }{\fs20 Supervisors Richard Gordon and Nariman Sepehri
\par The students will design and build a scanner for broad, sun exposed  parts of the body, such as the back, to record nevi (beauty marks),  from which cancer (melanoma) can develop. In orde
r to achieve  sufficient spatial resolution, montaging of the images will be  necessary. Either a flatbed scanner or a digital camera may be  considered, along with prospects for remote control and image transmission for telemedicine. (This may be done in
 collaboration with an engineering student in France.)
\par 
\par }{\b\fs20\cf1 Inverse Mechanics of Whole Genomes}{\fs20\cf1 
\par }\pard\plain \s19\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\cf1\lang1033\cgrid {
All of the chromosomes in a cell have recently been shown to be connected by strands of DNA. If we took a whole genome and vibrated it, what could we learn from obser
ving how it moves? Simulations of the motion will be done either with models and/or by computer. Quantitative image analysis of stretched whole genomes will be used to estimate changes in DNA per chromosome as the strand unravels.
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\b\fs20\cf1 
\par Mechanics of Embryo Rotation}{\fs20\cf1 
\par Just before the first cell division in an amphibian (frog or newt) embryo, the outer surface rotates 30 degrees. A model has been developed in which the force for this is generated by motor proteins moving along rigid elements (microtubules) attached 
to the inner surface of the embryo by universal joints. Project: write a computer simulation of this model and adjust its parameters to match the real thing.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs20\cf1 Strain State of an Embryo
\par }{\fs20\cf1 At an early stage in development of an amphibian embryo, half of the ou
tside surface moves inside through a slit. The part outside seems to undergo incredible, nonuniform shearing. Project: model the process and quantitate the forces and shear gradients generated.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s2\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\cf1\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 3D Images of Embryos from 6 Views
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20\cf1 Software developed by Chris
 Tsang and Gurinder Kler for imaging a basketball from 6 views needs to be tested and modified to work in a real microscopy environment for imaging an approximately spherical amphibian embryo, 2mm in diameter. Additional problems are: }{\fs20 
extended depth of fie
ld imaging and robotics for focussing, correction for uneven lighting, how to handle deviations from sphericity, creating a GUI for tracking individual cells on the surface of the embryo and measuring their sizes and distances apart. I also have some 600 
million year old fossil embryos to image.}{\fs20\cf1 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Positron Tomography
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 
Some radioactive atoms emit a positron near the speed of light. Inside the body this antimatter particle slows down and annihilates with an electron, producing two gamma rays that go off in oppo
site directions (conservation of momentum!). If they hit detectors, we know that the annihilation event occurred somewhere along the line. Project: develop an algorithm that makes an image from such atoms in an organ or tumor.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Progressive Evolution
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 In evolutionary computation, \ldblquote genomes\rdblquote 
 are usually regarded as linear codes. Evidence is accumulating that the biological linear genome actually contains a binary tree logic. Project: simulate the long term evolution of binary trees whose physical embodiment is 
a linear medium (such as DNA). Do they get more complex over time?
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Detecting the First Event in Fly Eye Formation
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 The fly\rquote s eye develops from a uniform sheet of cells, with the ommatidia forming in the wake of a moving furrow. From a poster showing all of
 the cells, detect the earliest events making the cells different from one another, by analysis of subtle features that we can\rquote t detect unaided.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Algae Colony that Moves Like a Deck of Cards
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\i\fs20 Bacillaria paradoxa }{\fs20 consists of cells that slide back and forth a
gainst each other, in a synchronous movement. Two problems: write software to measure the positions of cells relative to one another from a movie; simulate the motion to see if we can understand how synchrony is achieved.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Heavy Ion Computed Tomography
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Whe
n a heavy ion penetrates through the human body, its energy loss measures the density along its path. Problem: develop an algorithm to produce images from many such ions.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Magic Squares Solved Using Computed Tomography
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Magic squares and simultaneous Diopha
ntine equations present problems of solving underdetermined equations with the constraint that the solutions must be integers. Problem: develop computed tomography algorithms for solving such problems.
\par }{\b\fs20 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Build a Better Condom
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Condoms break and slip off, and leak at the big hole at the rim. Problem: design, make and test condoms that will work better.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 EIT Microscope by Nanotech
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Electrical Impedence Tomography makes 3D maps of resistance from currents going through an object at many angles. Design and prototy
pe an array of microelectrodes for imaging 2mm diameter amphibian embryos.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 X-Ray Contact Microscopy of Breast Tissue
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 We need the detailed structure of breast tissue to evaluate our ability to detect small tumors by imaging techniques. Problem: slice thin 
sections of human breast tissue obtained from breast cancer and breast reduction patients, make x-ray contact prints of them, digitize these prints, align them with morphing algorithms, construct 3D representations, and calculate the textural characterist
ics of the 3D tissue.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Readable Pixels
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 
People who like to do needlepoint need to be able to read each pixel, to decide what to do at each point in the fabric. However, they also want an impression of what the final result might look like. As color printing 
is expensive, most needlepoint design books are printed without color. Problem: design a set of pixels that are both readable and give a reasonable halftone rendition of a picture.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Seeing Ghost Movements in the Dark
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 If you get dark adapted and try to look
 at objects, they appear to change shape and even move slightly. Problem: simulate this effect by writing a pattern recognition algorithm that attempts to determine object shapes at low light levels. Apply it to a digital TV camera operating in a dimly li
t room.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Simulating Tensegritoy
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 The Tensegritoy consists of dowels that are connected to one another by elastic bands, forming tensegrity structures in which the dowels don\rquote 
t touch. Design and implement a general simulation for any configuration of dowels and elastics. Then permit the lengths of the dowels to grow and shrink, so that they can represent microtubules in cells.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 A Goose Bump Mind Reader
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\cgrid {\fs20 Humans have a wonderful device for image input, namely the human eye. However, our visual output is slow and 
takes great training as an artist. Design and construct an array of sensors that attach to hairs, say on one\rquote s arm, and see what kind of pictures we could generate via control of the ring muscles around the hairs.
\par 
\par }{\b\fs20 Contact}{\fs20 :
\par }{\fs20\cf1 Dr. Richard Gordon, Department of Radiology, Adjunct Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering
\par University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Centre
\par 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9 Canada
\par Phone: (204) 789-3828,  Fax: (204) 787-2080, E-mail: GordonR@ms.UManitoba.ca
\par Vice-President, Canadian Association for Responsible Research Funding
\par Winnipeg Chair, IEEE-EMBS Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society}{\fs20 
\par }}