A comparison of nitrogen fertilizer additives
R. Jay Goos, Department of Soil Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA E-mail: rj.goos@ndsu.edu

In recent years, many products have been introduced for the purpose of reducing nitrogen loss from soils. This paper summarizes our studies at NDSU, since the early 1980's, on the topic of nitrogen fertilizer additives. For the inhibition of urease or reduction of ammonia loss, we have tested ammonium thiosulfate (ATS), Agrotain, calcium thiosulfate (CaTS), Nutrisphere-N, NZone, StayN, and NStay. Agrotain is the only product that we have tested that could be considered a general-purpose urease inhibitor for use with urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) or granular urea. The thiosulfates, ATS and CaTS, have mild urease-inhibition properties when used with UAN, especially if the soil is relatively dry and if the fertilizer droplet size is large. Nutrisphere-N failed to inhibit urease in all of our studies, but can have small effects on reducing ammonia loss, especially with UAN. The products NZone, StayN, and NStay had no effect on ammonia volatilization in our studies with granular urea. Regarding nitrification inhibitors, we have evaluated ATS, N-Serve, dicyandiamide (DCD), urea granule size, Nutrisphere-N, NZone, NStay, StayN, SuperU, and Instinct. In our studies, ATS demonstrated mild nitrification inhibition properties when applied in a concentrated band. Increasing urea granule size in combination with addition of DCD can lead to a very slow rate of nitrification. N-Serve was generally superior to DCD or ATS at inhibiting nitrification in fertilizer bands. With granular urea, Instinct and SuperU (DCD) had slower nitrification rates than unamended urea. Nutrisphere-N, NZone, StayN, and NStay did not inhibit nitrification in our studies. Farmers interested in fertilizer additives for the purpose of inhibiting urease, ammonia volatilization, or nitrification are advised to select the most effective inhibitor appropriate for the form of N being applied.